Життя віддане науці (Штрихи до біографії ветеринарного лікаря-бактеріолога В.І. Турчиновича-Вижникевича 04.11.1865–20.01.1904)

Abstract

Висвітлено життєвий шлях і професійну діяльність Владислава Івановича Турчиновича-Вижникевича – призабутої постаті науковця, ветеринарного лікаря-бактеріолога (випускника Харківського ветеринарного інституту), який проводив дослідження з вивчення чуми ВРХ, пізніше працював у чумному форті «Олександр І» 1902–1904 рр. завідувачем бактеріологічної лабораторії з вивчення збудника зооантропонозної чуми. Розробив оригінальні методики виготовлення розводок збудника чуми з метою виготовлення вакцин та сироваток проти цього небезпечного захворювання. Трагічно загинув внаслідок лабораторного зараження збудником чуми у січні 1904 року в чумному форті Кронштадту. Метою публікації є введення до широкого наукового обігу історичних джерел, які включають деякі рідкісні дані про перебування в чумному форті видатного ветеринарного лікаря-бактеріолога В. І. Турчиновича-Вижникевича та останні дні його життя. Основними методами наших досліджень були методи аналізу та синтезу, історико-проблемний, хронологічний, історико-порівняльний, які дозволяють рельєфно презентувати життєвий шлях відомого вченого в галузі ветеринарної бактеріології. The life path and professional activities of Vladislav Ivanovich Turchynovych-Vyzhnykevych are highlighted – a forgotten figure of a scientific veterinary bacteriologist (graduate of the Kharkiv Veterinary Institute), who conducted research on the study of rinderpest, later worked in the plague fort «Olexander I» from 1902 to 1904 as the head of the bacteriological laboratory for the study of the pathogen of zooanthroponous plague. He developed original methods for producing plague pathogen dilutions in order to produce vaccines anserums against this dangerous disease. He tragically died as a result of laboratory infection with the plague pathogen in January 1904 in the plague fort of Kronstadt. The purpose of this publication is to introduce historical sources into wider scientific circulation, which include some rare data about the stay in the plague fort of the outstanding veterinary bacteriologist V.I. Turchynovych-Vyzhnykevych and the last days of his life. The main methods of our research were the methods of analysis and synthesis, historical-problematic, chronological, historical-comparative, which allow us to present the life path of a famous scientist in the field of veterinary bacteriology in a more relief way. Scientific novelty. The work presents documents from small-print and rare publications on the work of the KOMOCHUM commission, such as: the medical history and autopsy report of V. I. Turchynovych-Vyzhnykevych, which allow researchers and readers to get acquainted in more detail with the methods of work and the peculiarities of the paperwork of doctors of the early twentieth century, the peculiarities of compiling protocols and medical histories of that time. Main results of the study. Materials that reveal the case of the disease and the course of the disease of the veterinary bacteriologist V. I. Turchynovych-Vyzhnykevych were studied and analyzed. Unique documents are presented that relate to the biography of the figure of V. I. Turchynovych-Vyzhnykevych, with whom D. K. Zabolotny («Grandfather Chumogon») worked in the plague fort. The materials of that time have not been reprinted for a long time and are significantly scattered across specialized publications and journal publications. Therefore, they need to be combined and represented to familiarize readers and scientists with those scientists whose fate sometimes, due to their dedication to their work, had a tragic ending. The article presents a number of historical documents about the life and work of the bacteriologist V. I. Turchynovych-Vyzhnykevych (1865–1904), as well as copies of the original medical history and autopsy report of the corpse of V. I. Turchynovych-Vyzhnykevych for a more detailed acquaintance of the reader with the peculiarities of medical records management at the beginning of the 20th century. Conclusions. Publication of the medical history and autopsy report of the veterinary bacteriologist V. I. Turchynovych-Vyzhnykevych, carried out based on the collection of scientific works of academician D. K. Zabolotny in 1956, is a valuable source for studying the history of the fight against infectious diseases in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They provide an opportunity to conduct a comparative analysis of the content of the description of the disease at different times, to study the features of medical Latin terminology and linguistic expressions used by doctors in the past.