Фактори сівозмінного комплексу і фітоценотичні мутації забур’яненості посівів

Abstract

Представлено результати вивчення динаміки видового складу та ступеня забур’яненості посівів сільськогосподарських культур за тривалого вирощування в сівозміні. Встановлено, що системне застосування ефективних прийомів боротьби з бур’янами супроводжується зниженням забур’яненості. Одночасно відбувається вирівнювання ступеня забур’яненості на фоні способів обробітку ґрунту і трансформація видового складу бур’янів. By a main problem for soil protective agriculture today as well as before there is a high risk of loss of harvest through the increase of degree of weediness both as a result of permanent concentration of seminal and vegetative embryos in the top layer of soil and complication of application of herbicides at presence of vegetable bits of pieces of mulch.With the aim of identify the regularuty of forming of specific composition of basic weeds and their quantitative dynamics, influence of separate cultures on the rates of development of weeds agrocoenosis, determination of role of separate seasonal periods in cleaning of soil from seed and vegetative reproductive organs of different biologic types, and also system of basic till of soil on the degree of weediness this list of questions was studied in a 5-poles crop rotation.At a high technological culture in a crop rotation during 5 rotary the role of basic till of soil after influence on activity germination of weeds changed substantially. Growing of agricultural cultures in the high-competition sowings promoted degree of weediness in black pair on the stage of 5th rotary to become level on a background moldboard plowign and chisel till without the rotation of layer. Indexes of activity of germination of weeds in this case were near and made 224,5 and 244,3 ps./m2.The dynamics of indexes of the productivity for 25-years period of development of crop rotation was characterized by growing tendencies on each cultures of crop rotation and on a background the intensive and soil protection system of soil tillage.It is thus possible to consider that evolutional adaptation of weeds has extraordinarily powerful renewable energy, that allows to overcome the technological barriers directed on the fight against weeds. Id est the biological variety of weeds is impossible to neutralize fully, but only to support minimum harmfulness below economic threshold.