Сучасний стан діяльності сільських домогосподарств в Україні

Abstract

Розглянуто основні характеристики домогосподарств у сільській місцевості України в 2014 році на основі середніх та відносних показників, які характеризують їх виробничі ресурси: розміру земельних ділянок, що знаходяться в користуванні сільського населення, структури посівних площ, наявності худоби та птиці, господарських споруд і техніки. Показано місце та роль домогосподарств у національній економіці. Agricultural activity of rural households, which serves a significant source of self-sufficiency and profit, plays an important role in market transformation of economy. The problem of improvement of rural households functioning efficiency got special urgency in connection with the transition to market mechanisms of economic regulation. The article considers the main characteristics of the households in rural areas of Ukraine in 2014 on the basis of average and relative indicators characterizing the industrial resources of households in the field of agriculture: the size of land which is in use by the rural population, the structure of sown areas, the availability of livestock and poultry, farm buildings and machinery. It is shown that farms of different sizes have corresponding advantages and disadvantages depending on the operating conditions. In 2014 the largest was the percentage of small households – 51,1, they occupied 11,7 % of the land; the smallest was the percentage of large households – 21,6, but they occupied the largest area – 72,5 %. The sown area of grain and leguminous plants was 49 % of land part which was planted by all households for the harvest of 2014; small households mostly planted corn (66,3 %), large – mostly wheat (40,2 %). Small households were equipped with machinery the least of all, large ones were equipped the most of all. The share of large rural households, which owned several kinds of machinery, was 76,5 %; the relevant share of small households was 53,2 %. Possible way of improvement of rural households functioning efficiency will be interaction with agricultural enterprises and promoting of inter-economic relations.