Хімічне контролювання бур’янів у посівах пшениці озимої по стерньовому попереднику в Степу

Abstract

Встановлено високу ефективність гербіциду Пік і бакових сумішей регуляторів росту рослин (РРР) оксікарбам – 150 г/га + РРР вимпел – 500 г/га + естерон – 0,8 л/га та еллай супер – 70 г/га + ПАР тренд – 0,3 л/га в технологічному регламенті захисту пшениці озимої від бур‘янів, що забезпечує практично повне їх знищення із залишенням в агроценозі незначної їх кількості 0,5-1,1 шт./м². Максимальний рівень урожайності пшениці озимої забезпечує трикомпонентна бакова суміш (РРР оксікарбам – 150 г/га + РРР вимпел – 500 г/га + естерон – 0,8 л/га) на рівні – 4,3 т/га, що перевищує еталонний гербіцид (естерон) та контроль (без внесення гербіцидів) на 0,4 і 1,3 т/га, або 9,3 та 30,2% відповідно. It was found that 30 days after the introduction of herbicides, the maximum level of contamination of crops in the control variant (without herbicides) was ex-pected to be 26,1 pcs/m². The minimum amount of weeds (0,5 pcs/m²) was found on the sites with herbicide application and the use of a mixture of plant growth regulator oxycarbam 150 g/ha + plant growth regulator vimpel 500 g/ha + esterone 0,8 l l/ha (1,1 pcs/m²) and ellay super – 70 g/ha + surface active agents trend – 0,3 l/ha (1,1 pcs./m²). In the future, before harvesting, the greatest efficiency in controlling weeds was provided by a mixture of preparations of esteron – 0,8 l/ha + puma super – 0,8 l/ha, which destroyed not only drooping brome (against which it is recommended), but in a significant number of shoots of ragweed and field ragweed (2,3 pcs/m²). Analysis of the obtained data shows that the highest percentage of weed destruction was recorded when applying herbicides ellay super – 70 g/ha + surface active agents trend – 0,3 l/ha (78%); peak – 20 g/ha (69,2%) and plant growth regulator oxycarbam – 150 g/ha + esteron – 0,8 l/ ha (66,1%). The combination in the tank mixture of plant growth regulators oxycarbam – 150 g/ha and – vimpel 500 g/ha with herbicide esteron – 0,8 l/ha most significantly contributed to the destruc-tion of ragweed and field ravings (83,2% and 71,2% respectively). As for one of the dangerous hibernating weeds in the winter wheat crop – a cleavers, the effect of these preparations was less pronounced with the destruction of only 13,4% of its quantity. Due to the high projective cover of the soil, winter wheat plants (98%) in the control vari-ant (without herbicides) recorded a relatively small mass of an average of 14,3 g/m². Virtually all types of weeds, due to shading, could not pass through the light phase of plant development and as a result did not reach the upper and even middle tiers of the stands of agrophytocenosis. On the control sites, only ragweed was able to pass into the upper tier, and the field penny-cress and the flixweed in the middle. The maximum grain yield was obtained in the variant where plant growth regulators ox-ycarbam was applied – 150 g/ha + plant growth regulator vimpel – 500 g/ha + herbicide esteron – 0,8 l/ha – 4,31 t/ha, which was more by 0,4 t/ha, than when introducing esterone without plant growth regulators. Highly effective were also plant growth regulators in combination with the reference drug esteron and practically not inferior to the previous three-component mixture. Thus, in particular, when using plant growth regulators oxycarbam – 150 g/ha + esterone – 0,8 l/ha and plant growth regulator vimpel – 500 g/ha + esterone – 0,8 l/ha, a virtually identical grain yield of – 4,22 -4,24 t/ha, which was 0,31-0,33 t/ha higher than the introduction of the reference herbicide esterone without plant growth regulators.