Епізоотологічний моніторинг шлунково-кишкових нематодозів свиней

Abstract

Серед свиней у Дніпропетровській області значна зараженість нематодами була зареєстрована у приватному секторі, вона сягала 62 % загальної кількості тварин. Найбільш поширеними були види Ascaris suum і Oesophagostomum dentatum. Загальну зараженість свиней нематодами реєстрували у молодняку свиней на відгодівлі – 35 %. Найвищу екстенсивність та інтенсивність інвазії Ascaris suum виявили у молодняку свиней на відгодівлі – 33,7±13,6 та у поросят віком 2−4 місяці 20,4±9,3. Найнижчу зараженість відмічали у поросят-сисунів, а саме Ascaris suum 4,0±0,4, Oesophagostomum dentatum 3,0±0,3, Trichuris suis 1,0±0,2, а також кнурівплідників 8,0±4,3, 3,0±0,2 і 1,1±0,3 відповідно. The causes of gastrointestinal nematodes affecting pigs of different age groups are violations of veterinary, sanitary and hygienic requirements for feeding, maintenance, care and age of animals, which is important considering the development cycles of helminths and the susceptibility to invasion of pigs of a certain age group. Clinically sick animals refuse to take feed, feel thirsty, have diarrhea, muscle tremors, fecal matter with an unpleasant smell, yellow-clay color with the presence of a significant amount of transparent mucus. Animals can die due to dehydration and exhaustion. Studies have established the infestation of pigs with ascaris, trichuris and esophagostomes, where the EI indicator depends on the conditions of feeding, housing, care, timely implementation of preventive anti-epizootic measures to prevent the occurrence of pig diseases. The following types of nematodes, Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Trichuris suis, were identified. The most common parasites were pathogens of Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum dentatum species. In industrial pig breeding and the private sector of the Dnipropetrovsk region, it was established that a significant incidence of nematodes in pigs (up to 62%) was registered in the private sector. Patients were especially often detected among young pigs during the fattening period (up to 35%). The highest extent and intensity of Ascaris suum infestation was found in young fattening pigs - 33.7±13.6 and piglets aged 2-4 months - 20.4±9.3. The lowest extent and intensity of infestation was noted in suckling piglets, in which infection with Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Trichuris suis was 4.0±0.4, 3.0±0.3 and 1.0±0.2, as well as breeding boars 8.0±4.3, 3.0±0.2 and 1.1±0.3, respectively.