Фінансове забезпечення аграрного сектора України в умовах війни

Abstract

У статті розглядається вплив воєнного стану на аграрний сектор України, виклики, що загрожують стабільному функціонуванню та розвитку галузі. Метою роботи є дослідження поточного стану фінансового забезпечення аграрного сектору України, визначення ключових проблем, що прямо впливають на фінансове забезпечення агробізнесу, а також розробка рекомендацій щодо ефективних механізмів фінансової підтримки в умовах війни. У статті висвітлюються питання впливу воєнних дій на фінансовий стан аграрного сектору в прифронотовій зоні, змін у механізмах фінансування, а також ролі міжнародної допомоги та нових фінансових інструментів. Автори наголошують на важливості державних і міжнародних програм підтримки для забезпечення стабільного розвитку аграрного сектору України, а також пошуку оптимальних шляхів стабілізації фінансування в умовах воєнного часу. The financial support and development of the agricultural sector in the frontline territories of Ukraine is one of the key issues affecting not only the livelihoods of farming enterprises but also the country’s food security. In the context of ongoing military actions and infrastructure destruction, agricultural enterprises face numerous challenges. One of the main problems is the lack of access to credit resources and financial assistance. Many banks and financial institutions are reluctant to operate in high-risk regions, depriving farmers of the opportunity to obtain loans for development or restoration of production capacities. This significantly limits the possibilities for purchasing machinery, seeds, fertilizers, and other necessary equipment that could enhance the efficiency of farms. Moreover, the destruction of infrastructure poses a significant problem, complicating logistics, product transportation, and its sale on both domestic and international markets. Many farmers are forced to reduce prices for their products, which negatively impacts the profitability of the farms and threatens their economic stability. The issue of energy supply deserves special attention. Constant shelling often damages power grids, leaving many farms unable to ensure stable operation of irrigation systems, crop processing, or maintaining the livestock complexes. This directly affects the reduction in production volumes and increases costs. Additionally, agricultural producers face difficulties in purchasing alternative energy sources, such as generators or solar panels, due to a lack of financial resources or access to relevant markets. This reduces their ability to adapt to challenging conditions and leads to crop losses and economic damages. International support plays a crucial role in addressing these issues. Organizations and financial institutions offer a range of programs that include grants and preferential loans for purchasing equipment and providing farmers with essential resources. At the same time, to receive this assistance, enterprises need to develop a clear development plan and demonstrate readiness to adapt to rapidly changing conditions. Despite all the difficulties, support from international organizations is vital for ensuring the continued development of the agricultural sector in frontline regions and for maintaining the economic viability of rural communities most affected by the war. The integration of international aid, attracting investments, and developing cooperative forms of farming could become important steps toward stabilizing and supporting the agricultural sector in the context of armed conflict.