Едафічна характеристика дерново-літогенних ґрунтів на сіро-зелених глинах на засадах екологічної мікроморфології

Abstract

Наведено агроекологічне обґрунтування процесу ґрунтоутворення та результати мікроморфологічного дослідження дерново-літогенних ґрунтів на сіро-зелених глинах науково-дослідного стаціонару ДДАЕУ з сільськогосподарської рекультивації земель. Виявлено особливості мікроморфологічної будови техноземів пробної ділянки сільськогосподарської рекультивації. Встановлено найбільш характерні новоутворення досліджуваного профілю, а саме дрібнозернистий кальцит, який насичує матеріал основи, та його вицвіти в порах.

In general, in Ukraine rate of land alienation with the purpose of mining operations is far ahead of rate of reclaimed areas recovery. As a result, problem on reclamation of disturbed lands and returning set-asided areas to economic use becomes a high-priority state problem. Objective of our study was characterization of pegogenesis of soddy-lithogenic soil onto grey-green сlay in condition of reclaimed lands of Research Agricultural Station of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economy University (DSAEU). According to results of micromorphological study of soddy-lithogenic soil onto grey-green сlay conducted at DSAEU Research Agricultural Station near Pokrov city, Nikopol Rayon of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, agroecological justification of pedogenesis was presented. Peculiarities of micromorphological structure of technozem in the experimental plot of agricultural reclamation are studied. It is established that dominance of carbonates is common in each soil horizon. Due to effect of climatic and biological factors, calcareous neoformations in topsoil are much smaller in size in comparison with subsoil, and the number of large ones is negligible. With depth, the effect of weathering decreases, leading to much larger size of calcareous neoformations. Micromorphological studies show that fine-grained calcite was the most common type of neoformations in soil profile, which saturates the material with bases, and its mottles in pores. It is determined that organic substance was contained mainly in the upper soil horizons to a depth of 20 cm. It is mainly represented by black humus, gumones and fresh plant residues. The absence of intermediate stages of decomposition of fresh plant residues provide evidence of a high rate of decomposition of organic matter.