Депресія під дією деяких хімічних мутагенів на прикладі пшениці озимої

Abstract

Досліджено особливості прояву мутагенної депресії на рості та розвитку рослин пшениці м’якої озимої у першому поколінні при дії ДАБ та ДМС. Найбільш інформативними щодо мутагенної депресії у М1 поколінні рослин сортів пшениці озимої м’якої були показники схожості та виживання рослин, фертильності пилку і показники структури врожайності: висота рослин, маса зерна з головного колосу, маса тисячі зерен. Встановлені специфічність та ступінь прояву мутагенної депресії залежно від концентрації мутагену та генотипу. VaschenkoMutagen depression on grown and development of winter wheat plants in first generation by DAB and DMS treated has been investigated. The most informative parameters for mutagenic depression in M1 generation of plants of winter wheat grown and development were survival of plants, pollen fertility, indicators such yield structure parameters as plant height, grain weight per spike, thousand grains weight. Specificity and degree of mutagenic depression exhibition depending on the mutagen dose and genotype were determined.For investigation grown and development of first generation plants after mutagen treatment we used following varieties Favoritka, Lasunya, Hurtovina (created through the action of gamma rays), line 418, Colos Myronivschyny (by hybridization), Sonechko (NDMU 0,005 %) and Kalynova (DAB 0,1 %) (by action chemical mutagens), Voloshkova (termomutagenesis). Next concentration of mutagens have been used DMS (dymetylsulfat) 0,0125, 0,025 % and and DAB (1,4-disdiazoatsetilbutan) 0,1 and 0,2 %.Experiments were conducted during the 2011–2014 under conditions of ESC of DDAEU and MIW NAAS of Ukraine.Mathematical calculated of the results was analyzed by the method of analysis of variance, reliability of differences between the average of experimental and control variants were evaluated by factor analysis. The reliability of the differences between the average obtained in experimental and control variants were evaluated by Student’s test.When exposed to the similarity parameters, survival, fertility showed no specifics – mutagen effect did not differ depending on the method of obtaining variety.The most informative parameters for mutagenic depression in M1 generation of plants of winter wheat grown and development were survival of plants, pollen fertility, indicators such yield structure parameters as plant height, grain weight per spike, thousand grains weight. These high-performance had links with concentration mutagen, but using DAB depression may not even appear on these parameters.When detected degree of mutagenic depression by parameters of yield structure analysis it revealed that the action of DAB on variety Kalynova (created through this mutagen) didn’t cause depression at a 0,1 % concentration and by the parameter “plant height” at a 0,2 % concentration to.Factor analysis has been showed that especially the formation of yield structure parameters depending by factor genotype, then the concentration of mutagen, then nature of mutagen.