Рекультивація і меліорація заплавних ділянок малих річок України

Abstract

Розглянуто інженерні методи рекультивації і меліорації заплавних річкових долин. Запропоновано технологічні схеми їх вирівнювання та схеми сезонної меліорації заплавних ділянок у системі лиманного зрошення. Знайдено високотехнологічні рішення накопичення та використання скидових талих вод. The problem of agricultural activities inUkrainein terms of systemic climate change upward peak values of temperature in the summer, is connected with water, its quality and quantity. Existing irrigation facilities that remain as a legacy of theSoviet Union, did not address the needs of land reclamation and new-hardly built. The most efficient and expedient solution is the ability to create fresh water directly to the area of use. This contributes to the landscape almost the entireterritoryofUkrainewith many river valleys, where river flow is almost zero, and the size of the valleys is suitable for conducting agricultural activities.The idea of creating interconnected cascades relating to accumulate in the ponds of meltwater them, diluting their soil, followed by the use of irrigation, deserves attention. Integrated use of ponds for land reclamation, fish farming, beekeeping and creating rekryatsiynyh areas of forest plantations for the rest of citizens, reinforcing the idea of chance in its implementation.Placing adjacent ponds at different levels (with a height difference of 2–4) allows the use of another factor in favor of the estuary flood irrigation areas of small rivers inUkraine. The fact that the ground water level in the flooded areas is very high, and raising the level of capillary moisture is korenevovmisnoho layer. At moderate temperatures year period that is enough for irrigation.In a hot summer, a significant reduction of capillary moisture offset by raising the most rational way of irrigation-watering korenevovmisnoho closed layer by the use of irrigation pipes, the distance between them increases almost an order of magnitude. The same system of closed pipes used for drainage of the fields in the spring. Irrigation and drainage fields samotichno performed without the use of pumps by placing adjacent ponds at different levels.