Особливості фотосинтетичної діяльності гібридів соняшнику залежно від біопрепаратів

Abstract

Встановлено, що поліпшення умов живлення соняшнику шляхом використання для інокуляції бактеріальних препаратів Діазофіт, КЛ-9, Діазофіт + Фосфоінтерин та регулятора росту Вимпел у фазі 3−4 пар листків забезпечує підвищення рівня основних показників фотосинтетичної діяльності посівів і врожайності соняшнику на 0,13−0,32 т/га. For the purpose of studying of photosynthetic activity features of sunflower the field experiment on the basis of utilization of adjuvant soil microbiological preparations of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate – mobilizing actions by presowing treatment of seeds, and also additional spraying of vegetative plants by means of growth regulator Vympel was carried out. Inoculation of seeds has been conducted with microbiological preparations of nitrogen-fixing actions Diazophyte, КL-9; complex action Diazophyte + Phosphoenterine in comparison with local application N15Р15 at sowing.The experiments were carried out in the limited liability company “Ptakhivnyche” at Novomoskovs’k district of the Dnipropetrovs’k oblast’ in 2011−2013 years on common chernozems with content of humus 4,8 %. Replication of test was fourfold. The calculation area of plot made 28 m2.The data obtained by us have given the chance to determinate, that the area of leaf surface of sunflower plants considerably varied depending on microbiological top dressing. In the greatest development in a flowering stage at utilization of nitrogen-fixing preparations this indicator exceeded the control on 16−30 %. The application of complex of preparations (Diazophyte +Phosphoenterine) in most cases caused the maximum values of the area of leaves at all hybrids of sunflower.Inoculation of seeds with microbiological preparations of nitrogen-fixing actions Diazophyte and КL-9 led to appreciable increase of factor of absorption coefficient of photosynthetic active radiation, which reached a maximum at complex treatment of seeds.The treatment of seeds with bacterial preparations has provided reliable increase of grain productivity of all hybrids. So on the background without utilization of the preparation Vympel the gain of seed yield from application of Diazophyte on hybrid Кyy was equaled 0,17–0,25 t/hectare, and on a complex preparation it was 0,22–0,23 t/hectare, on hybrid Yason it was 0,13–0,17 t/hectare and on Zorepad it was 0,15−0,32 t/hectare accordingly. The same increase of yield guaranteed by means of nitrogen-fixing preparation КL-9 on hybrid Кyy. On two other hybrids the effect from application of this preparation was considerably above: on hybrid Yason it was 0,27–0,31 t/hectare, and on the Zorepad it was 0,34–0,4 t/hectare that was explained more long period of their vegetation.At spraying of sunflower plants with the growth regulator Vympel (0,5 l/hectare) the yield gain on hybrid Кyy on all preparations was equaled 0,09 t/hectare, hybrid Yason – 0,07 t/hectare, hybrid Zorepad – 0,18 t/hectare.