Экологическая оценка проективного покрытия шахтных отвалов в Центральном Донбассе

Abstract

Виявлено, що у складі рослинного покриву на території породного відвалу шахти “Трудовська” налічується 55 видів вищих рослин. Склад рослинного покриву характеризується високою просторовою неоднорідністю. Оцінка біоморфологічного спектра флори породного відвалу є важливим критерієм, який визначає розмаїття екологічних ніш у фітоценозі, домінуючу життєву форму, екологічні умови фітоценозу та його зміни. Coal industry in Donbass region creates powerful technogenic environment impact. New methods for complex (remote and ground based) observations of disturbed landscapes are required. They will considerably contribute to forecasting consequences for environment and economy as well as working out technological approaches to reclaim minelands. It is known that under optional casting land and vegetation covers develop not frontally but parcellary. It was established that in parcells soil formation processes and phytoceonoses go singenetically. They can be diagnosed on stages of phytocoenose succession. That is why investigation of land cover forming is an easily accessible mean for diagnostics and prediction of dynamics of technogenic landscape ecological state on the whole. 55 species of the higher plants were disclosed in the vegetation cover composition in the tailing heap territory of “Trudovskaya” mine. The vegetation cover composition is characterized with high spatial heterogeneity. Analysis of NDVI index image id helpful for vegetation cover estimation of tailing heaps vegetation. The vegetation cover takes 15 % of heaps area in th context of terrace floor forming and rock oxidation. The detection of tailing heaps’ flora biomorphological spectrum is a main criterion determining ecological niche diversity in phytocoenose, dominate life form, phytocoenose ecological conditions and its changing. The fraction of grass vegetation takes 76,4 % of land cover including 32,8 % for perennial and 43,6 % for annual and biennial plants. The level of species practicability is decreased with increasing possibility of occupying a fundamental niche. Dominant species in their overgrowth groups relate to primary and secondary transition strategies types – S, R, SR, CS, CRS. Our investigation does not include species C and CR strategy types.