Методологічні основи дослідження управління інноваційним розвитком в аграрному секторі національної економіки

Abstract

Сучасна криза охопила практично всі галузі, в тому числі і аграрний сектор. Сучасна економічна наука виявилася не здатною передбачити виникнення кризових явищ і обгрунтувати стратегію уникнення її або їх подолання. У нашій країні економічна наука, не маючи можливості вільно розвиватися протягом минулого сторіччя, не виробила ефективних механізмів подолання криз в аграрному секторі, реформування національної економіки. Українські ринкові реформи проводилися в обстановці поширення офіційною пропагандою підвищених очікувань. Їх ініціатори запевняли, що на відміну від плану, ринок — це такий чудодійний спосіб ведення господарства, перехід до якого дозволить за короткий час перевершити радянський рівень ефективності економіки та народного добробуту. Наслідки реформ довели неспроможність концепції ринкового саморегулювання й зумовили необхідність пошуку нових форм і методів управління економічними системами, розробки нових підходів до формування методології дослідження проблем підвищення ефективності господарювання. The current crisis that has engulfed almost all sectors, including agriculture. Modern economics was not able to predict the occurrence of crises and justify its strategy to avoid or overcome them. In our country, economics, unable to freely evolve over the last century, has not developed effective mechanisms for crisis management in the agricultural sector, reforming the national economy. Ukrainian market reforms carried out in an atmosphere of official propaganda spreading high expectations. Their proponents claimed that unlike plan market — it is a miraculous way of farming, which will shift in a short time to beat the Soviet level of economic efficiency and national welfare. The implications of reform proved the concept of market self-regulation and necessitated the search for new forms and methods of economic management systems, developing new approaches to research methodology issues of economic efficiency. One of the weaknesses of current agricultural sector in the national economy of Ukraine is not merely the absence of a clear fundamental economic theory that can explain the reason that occur in socio-economic processes, but also the lack of research is developed methodological foundations of the agricultural sector in the national economy. This is not a complete lack of research methodology managing innovation processes in the agricultural sector of the national economy and the inefficiency of the existing methodology, its inability to fully explain the reasons transformations occur and predict their consequences. The author notes that many of the neoclassical theory were used in Ukraine in reforming the economy, including its agricultural sector, but they did not work for several reasons. First, because the modern neo-classicism — a theory developed (mature) market economy and its recipes are not suitable for a market economy, especially by means of the transformation of a planned economy. The second reason — the strongest monopolization of Ukrainian economy and its industrial structure, which is not adjusted for the effects of free market mechanisms. Thirdly, the high degree of bureaucracy and the officials in the management. The fourth reason, in our opinion one of the most important — psychological unwillingness of most people in Ukraine, especially agriculture to market changes (unity, Christianity, collectivism, socialism — all against capitalism, wealth, money). Fifthly, an important role was certainly a peculiar attitude to Western Ukraine "fellow consultants" who offered no Marshall Plan for Ukraine, as after the war for West Germany, but rather sought and seek to secure raw date orientation of our country, to limit the access of Ukrainian goods on the world market through geopolitical pressure, sanctions, specific recommendations for liberalization, privatization and so on. Many failures due course own gross errors reformers and large, the main of which include the path of "shock therapy" and neglect the social cost of market reforms. However, we believe that the underlying causes of the crisis is not so much the specific conditions of economic reforms in Ukraine as the shortcomings of the economic theory underlying the research and practical changes.