Технології та використання наносистем у виробництві будівельних матеріалів

Abstract

В статті виділено головні дослідження нанотехнологій в сфері будівельних матеріалів пов’язані з вивченням наноструктур, застосуванням наночастинок, вуглецевих нанотрубок з метою спрямованого регулювання властивостей в’яжучих матеріалів. Сформульовано перспективний напрямок досліджень, що дозволить розширити сферу застосування гіпсових в’яжучих. Визначено мету таких досліджень та план їх проведення.

Actual use of nanotechnology in construction is quite limited in Ukraine. Achievements, that are using now, are associated with unique strength characteristics, new types of reinforcing steels, unique films for covering structures and more. These innovative ideas focus on surface effects and do not sufficiently consider the new building materials structure. The article analyzes the literature of nanotechnologies using and nanomaterials in the building materials production. The main nanotechnology researches in the field of building materials are related with the nanostructures studying, the use of nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes for directional control of the binders properties, safety problems and environmental impact are highlighted. The possibilities of gypsum binders are far from exhausted and can be realized on a qualitatively different level. Products are based on gypsum binder meet all modern requirements for fire resistance, sound absorption, environmental safety and energy conservation at all stages of the life cycle. A promising research direction that will expand the scope of gypsum binders has been formulated. A researches promising line that will expand the scope of gypsum binders is formulated. The main purpose of the researches, will be conducted, is the carbon nanotubes using in aqueous surfactants to modify gypsum binder in order to enhance the physical and technical characteristics of concrete is based on modified binder. Research planning for regulating internal stresses during the hardening process and increasing the water resistance of gypsum should include several stages. First, determine the location of two-water gypsum in the product, where its concentration is higher and what it is related to. Secondly, the use of additives of plasticizers to reduce water consumption of gypsum binder, in order to obtain a denser structure of gypsum, which in turn will improve the water resistance of gypsum. And also, growing crystals with the various additives introduction in order to learn how to influence on the direction of growth and crystal shape.