Організаційно-економічні проблеми ринку зерна в Україні

Abstract

В ході проведеного дослідження визначено, що організаційно-економічні проблеми роботи ринку зерна виникли в результаті економічної нестабільності у зв'язку із повномасштабним вторгненням країни агресора, що унеможливили сільськогосподарську діяльність країни. Практичним вирішенням проблеми реалізації зерна є створення "зернового коридору" при підтримці країн, які гарантують безпечне транспортування зерна та продуктів харчування з українських портів. Обгрунтовано, що вивіз зерна можливий через Чорноморські порти, і роботу "Зернового коридору", який є най-дешевшим та найшвидшим експортним шляхом для зерна. Налагоджена робота реалізації зерна можлива за підтримки країн, які гарантують безпеку, і саме таким є підписання угоди між Туреччиною, ООН та росією 22 липня 2022 року. Документ має назву "Ініціатива щодо безпечного транспортування зерна та продуктів харчування з українських портів". Аргументовано, що період роботи "Зернового коридору" з моменту підписання угоди вдалося експорту-вати значну частину зерна. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the organizational and economic problems of the grain market arose as a result of economic instability in connection with the full-scale invasion of the aggressor country, which made the country's agricultural activities impossible. They led to the loss of food stocks due to their physical destruction, the inaccessibility of grain warehouses located in the occupied territories and making access impossible, the lack of physical opportunity to conduct agricultural activities in those regions of the country that provided a significant contribution to the specific weight of grain in the country. Insufficient supply of fuel and lubricants, including diesel fuel, to farmers; the absence of logistical obligations during delivery, as a result of which the process of managing effective flows of raw material stocks is lost, materials, finished products, services, work-in-progress, finance and information, resources of agricultural production (plant protection products, seeds, fertilizers), which accompanies these flows, from the place of origin to the place of use or consumption through the processes of receiving and sending the increase in the cost of agricultural work against the background of a sharp reduction in exports and the impossibility of replenishing the financial resources of agricultural producers because of this. All this provokes already in the current year the risk of losing a significant amount of grain stocks in the war zone due to: damage to storage facilities and theft in the temporarily occupied territories; a sharp reduction in import supplies of products important for full nutrition (fish, fruit) as a result of the loss of ports; the lack of capacity to increase import supplies of food from the EU due to the existence of a contractual supply system there and limited opportunities for increasing the corresponding production by European countries. A practical solution to the problem of grain sales is the creation of a "Grain corridor" with the support of countries that guarantee the safe transportation of grain and food products from Ukrainian ports. The effectiveness of the export of grain is possible through the Black Sea ports, and the operation of the "Grain corridor", which is the cheapest and fastest export route for grain. The well-established work of grain sales is possible with the support of countries that guarantee security, and this is exactly what the signing of the agreement between Turkey, the UN and russia on July 22, 2022 is like. The document is entitled "Initiative for safe transportation of grain and food products from Ukrainian ports". It is argued that during the period of operation of the "Grain corridor" since the signing of the agreement, it was possible to export a significant part of grain.