Інноваційні тренди розвитку суб’єктів агропромислового виробництва

Abstract

Стаття присвячена дослідженню та систематизації тенденцій розвитку й обґрунтуванню напрямів інноваційної трансформації господарських суб’єктів агропромислового виробництва. Акцентовано, що глобальні тенденції та перспективні напрями розширення експортного потенціалу виявилась в агросфері у сировинній спрямованості виробництва і аграрного експорту, а існуюча агропропродовольча спеціалізація є вузькоасортиментною та сировинною. Обґрунтовано, що існуюче інституціональне середовище і наявна модель управління агросферою не забезпечили гнучкість та зміну формальних норм і правил взаємодії інноваційних суб’єктів економіки, не сприяли їх інноваційній активності. Виокремлені тенденції розвитку агропромислового виробництва в умовах постіндустріальних змін, що потребують виключної уваги і врахування та виділені й систематизовані еволюційні та інституціональні обмеження інноваційного процесу в агропромисловому виробництві. Structural transformations of the national economy and agro-industrial production highlighted certain signs of post-industrial changes and global vectors of development. At the same time, the lack of innovative transformations in the activities of agro-industrial production entities does not ensure the diversification of export trade, the reduction of energy intensity and the growth of productivity in the branches of the national economy. We must state that the formed institutional environment and the existing management model did not ensure flexibility and change in formal norms and rules of interaction of innovative economic subjects. This article is devoted to the systematization of development trends and substantiation of directions for innovative transformation of economic entities of agro-industrial production. The conducted research confirmed that the global trends and prospects for expanding the export potential were revealed in the raw material orientation of agricultural production and agricultural export, and the existing agro-food specialization can be recognized as narrow-range and raw material. At the same time, inclusion in global processes and internationalization of production chains are irreversible processes, and obviously, on the way to post-war recovery and innovative transformation, in order to comply with global vectors, the suboptimal structure of agricultural production must be subject to institutional regulation. The study of the toolset of the institutional influence on economic dynamics made it possible to single out a number of trends in the development of agro-industrial production in the conditions of post-industrial changes, which require special attention and consideration: progressive transformation of world agriculture into a global network agricultural cluster; the growth of innovative activity in the world accompanies the growing phase of the long wave of the sixth technological order of the global system; a shift in the employment structure of the agrarian industry and an increased demand for highly qualified specialists for agribusiness. It has been substantiated that for a balanced recovery of the agricultural industry, the first step is the introduction of incentives and influence tools for structural changes in production; activation of small forms of agricultural production and processing; integration of processes, organizational forms, sales; use of available competitive advantages (high level of provision of key types of food and raw materials, growth of agricultural production over a sufficiently long period; growth of investment; formation of tendencies to expand the share of agricultural products with greater added value. For the first time, the evolutionary and institutional limitations of the innovation process in agroindustrial production have been highlighted and systematized: the limitation of the solvent demand for agroinnovations due to the high cost of their development and the lack of optimal conditions for implementation; predominantly extensive character in the organization of production due to the dominance of previous technological systems (mainly the fourth); low technological level of agro-industrial production; high logistics costs in this industry; low financial support of small agricultural producers.