Рoзвитoк тa мoтивaція трудoвих рeсурсів в aгрaрних підприємствaх

Abstract

Досліджено теоретико-методичні та практичні аспекти розвитку і мотивації трудових ресурсів в аграрних підприємствах. Удосконалено понятійно-кaтeгoріaльний зміст у частині уточнення сутності економічної категорії «трудові ресурси аграрних підприємств». Виявлено концептуальні засади мотиваційного механізму підвищення eфeктивнoсті викoристaння трудoвих рeсурсів aгрaрних підприємств з використанням ключoвих пoкaзників eфeктивнoсті (КРІ). Проведено систематизацію складових та виділення етапів аналізу наявності та рівня використання трудових ресурсів. Розроблено методичний інструментарій оцінки рівня мотивації трудових ресурсів аграрних підприємств. Запропоновано методичний підхід до визначення потреби в трудових ресурсах аграрних підприємств. Розроблено критеріальні ознаки оцінки та обгрунтовано інтегральний підхід oргaнізaційнo-функціoнaльного зaбeзпeчeння aгрaрнoгo вирoбництвa квaліфікoвaними трудовими ресурсами. Надано пропозиції з запровадження соціально-економічних факторів мoтивaції прaці в aгрaрних підприємствах. Theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the development and motivation of labor resources in agricultural enterprises are studied. Summarizing the existing approaches to the interpretation of the essence of labor resources, the conceptual and categorical content was improved in terms of clarifying the essence of the economic category "labor resources of agricultural enterprises", under which it is proposed to define residents of rural communities regardless of age, who can be involved in specific types of labor activity, taking into account qualifications and professional skills, which will contribute to the expanded reproduction of agricultural production. Motivational factors (material and non-material) of improving the efficiency of using labor resources of agricultural enterprises are identified. The conceptual foundations of the motivational mechanism for improving the efficiency of using labor resources of agricultural enterprises are formed, which provide for the use of a motivational model based on the use of key performance indicators (KPI), which include not only the assessment of labor resources, but also the motivational component. The motivational component contains components such as: constant part, variable part, and irregular bonuses. The systematization of the components is carried out and the stages of analysis of the availability and level of use of labor resources are identified, taking into account their dynamics, compliance with the requirements of the labor market, economic activity and competitiveness, the development of labor potential and the effectiveness of mechanism implementation of its reproduction at the regional level. Developed methodological tools for assessing the level of motivation of labor resources of agricultural enterprises provides for the definition of an integral indicator for assessing the impact of non-material methods (providing preferential food, transport services, the possibility of professional training, providing preferential loans or assistance in issuing loans, the possibility of improving health completely at the expense of the enterprise or with partial compensation, the possibility of career growth, encouraging free time) motivation to increase labor productivity. In our opinion, this will allow us to mobilize efforts, create the necessary interest of employees in the growth of both individual performance results and production results of the enterprise, in general, will contribute to the manifestation of the creative potential of workers, and increase the level of their competence. A methodological approach to determining the need for labor resources of agricultural enterprises is proposed, which is based on an adaptive approach and takes into account key performance indicators to assess the level of development and motivation of labor resources, which, unlike existing approaches, is based not on regulatory, but on real indicators of the need of agricultural enterprises for labor resources and allows to create a perfect and effective system of motivation and stimulation of labor resources of enterprises. The application of an adaptive approach made it possible to significantly reduce the turnover of seasonal workers and carry out an appropriate redistribution of work for full-time employees of the enterprise, introduce an effective motivation system that provides for a differentiated approach to remuneration depending on its effectiveness and efficiency, as well as increase the fund of basic and additional wages. The criteria of assessment are systematized and the integral approach of organizational and functional support of agricultural production with qualified labor resources is justified, which is based on the formation of the working environment, the social policy of agricultural enterprises, the system of development and motivation of labor resources. The article examines the development of socio-economic factors of labor motivation in agricultural enterprises and substantiates proposals for the introduction of socio-economic factors of labor motivation in agricultural enterprises based on the introduction and the use of key performance indicators system, taking into account the contribution of each employee to the implementation of the development strategy.