Розвинення методологій викладання математики при формуванні фахових компетентностей економістів

Abstract

Стаття присвячена проблемі спрямованості курсу вищої математики під час професійної підготовки майбутніх економістів у вищих навчальних закладах України. Проаналізовано зв’язки міх математичними та фаховими економічними дисциплінами: наведений перелік основних розділів курсу вищої математики та їх застосування при навчанні професійно-орієнтованих дисциплін. Визначені основні напрямки підвищення ефективності навчання здобувачів економічних спеціальностей при вивчанні курсу вищої математики.

One of the important directions of modern pedagogy is the study of issues related to the mathematical education of economics specialists. This paper is devoted to the actual problem of the direction of the course of advanced mathematics during the professional training of future economists in higher educational institutions of Ukraine in such a way, that a students, receiving the degree, can see the connection between fundamental disciplines and applied professional tasks from the very first classes. The necessity of a detailed study of some sections of advanced mathematics, for example, linear algebra or differential equations, which are often and fully used in economics, is emphasized. The authors have identified the main directions for improving the effectiveness of teaching for students of economic specialties who are studying a course of higher mathematics. Examples of problems with an economic direction, which solution is based on the application of various sections of advanced mathematics, are given to illustrate the material of the paper. Mathematical models of these problems are built, and their detailed solutions are given. The plan of optimal transportation of goods is obtained by solving the system of linear inhomogeneous algebraic equations by the Giordano-Gauss method. The problem of calculating individual types of raw materials for the manufacturing of various products produced by the enterprise and the required annual amount of credit for purchasing these raw materials is solved using algebraic operations on matrices. This paper is considering the application of the "Differential Equations" section. Following models have been complied: a mathematical model of production growth under competitive conditions, a dynamic model of Keynes, a neoclassical model of economic growth, and corresponding differential equations of the first or second order. Following models were compiled: a mathematical model of production growth under competitive conditions, a dynamic model of Keynes, a neoclassical model of economic growth, and corresponding differential equations of the first or second order. This allows to include such problems in a lecture course or solve them during practical classes. Thus, it can be concluded that mathematical modeling of economic processes makes it possible to solve modern applied problems of agricultural industry. It is important to use reliable data, to meaningfully describe an object, its quantitative characteristics, and dependencies between constituent elements.