Від розрахунку вологозапасів до створення геоінформаційної системи режиму ґрунтової вологи

Abstract

Представлено розвиток відомого агрогідрометеорологічного методу розрахунку вологозапасів під посівами сільськогосподарських культур з використанням інформаційного порталу “розклад погоди” rp5.ua для створення ГІС режиму ґрунтової вологи. Стверджується, що нормалізація емпіричних параметрів агрогідрометеорологічного методу розрахунку вологозапасів у ГІС, з урахуванням агрогідрологічних властивостей ґрунтів, дозволить визначити запаси вологи на будь-якій території. The article presents the development of a well-known ahrohidrometeorological method of calculating soil moisture under agricultural crops with using of information portal “Reliable Prognosis” rp5.ua for creating a geoinformation system of soil moisture regime.Knowledge of information about the regime of soil moisture is prerequisite for optimization technologies of growing crops and creation GIS of soil moisture regime based on computational methods and available information on the Internet is one way to solve this problem.A.F. Litovchenko in paper revealed the essence of the ahrohidrometeorological method of calculating reserves moisture from previous weather conditions using the equation .The calculated model takes into account the main factors. They are significantly affects the regime of formation of soil moisture reserves: precipitation (h); temperature and deficit of humidity (T, d); phenological stage of plant development, soil constants (parameters a and c); the regime of spending of soil moisture by crop (option b), and others.Modern websites of meteorological service (for example, www.rp5.ua) opens for explorer to use qualitative more complete information about meteorological factors with increments of Δt = 3:00 for virtually for any points (locality). The taking account of new factors (atmospheric pressure, speed of wind, relative cloudiness) in the calculation of comprehensive measure of past weather conditions P and based on the interpretation of function arguments allowed us to use well-known methods for determining crop water use in calculating soil moisture. We took into account the effect of wind through wind function in particular of H. Penman and L. Turk and the quantity of solar radiation as a function of the relative cloud.The proposed model had implemented in ahrohidrometeorological method for calculating the reserves of moisture under winter wheat according to the data of the weather stations Dnipropetrovs’k region. The dependences of moisture reserves were built for estimate of the accuracy of the calculation in the soil layer 0–100 cm from the complex index of weather P.The accuracy of the estimated model definition of a moisture was estimated relatively values of soil moisture that had been measured by instrumentally (by the method of thermostat-weight. It had been compared, herewith, relatively to the basic model. When soil moisture calculated by ahrohidrometeorological method, the correlation coefficient was 0,85–0,90 compared with baseline model. When new model has been refined the narrowness of bond increased to 0,93–0,94.Analysis of measurement accuracy the soil moisture W showed that compared with the baseline model, the accuracy of calculation has increased on average by 16 %. This proves the effectiveness and feasibility of using weather information database of information portal “Reliable Prognosis” rp5.ua.Knowledge of ahrohidrometeorological soil properties (constants) and extrapolation continuous data of weather on a arbitrary area (field, farm, administrative region, geographical area, region or province) will create a GIS regime of soil moisture under major crops as the foundation of optimization technology growing crops in justifying of empirical parameters of ahrohidrometeorological method.