Деякі властивості техногенних екосистем степового Придніпров’я

Abstract

Показано, що екотопи техногенних ландшафтів мають високий стимулюючий ефект для розвитку мікроорганізмів. Культурфітоценози сприяють збільшенню їхньої чисельності та стабілізації конструкції мікробного співтовариства на рівні, що відповідає фізико-хімічним властивостям екотопу. Встановлено, що основою створення первинних консортивних зв’язків є кореневі системи домінантних рослин, які стають осередками концентрації елементів ґрунтової родючості. Physico-chemical and hydrogeological properties of technogenic ecotope landscapes are unique in the world. Their development has created a new, completely unexplored problem of recultivation of disturbed lands. The ecological and biological evaluation of ecotypes is the leading place because it is the basis of targeted restoration of fertility of such anthropogenic tumors. As tests for the development of waste quarry sectors in the long-term stationary trials there were tested 23 species of higher plants. In the steppe of Ukraine the greatest ecological and biological according to technogenic ecotopes showed alfalfa and sainfoin. They are plant-dominants, accumulate large quantities of biomass, creating pockets of concentrations of elements in soil fertility, improve the sanitary conditions of the surrounding area. The nature translocational process in higher plants was identified. It completely depends on their biological features and is the creation of their root systems with the same structure and therefore their distribution in the thickness of elafotopos who are able to provide plants with nutrients and to produce the maximum possible efficiency in data soil-ecological conditions. Alfalfa and sainfoin showed great ecological plasticity of root systems. On the poverty of ecotopes batteries they reacted by increasing the surface and length of roots. It is established that the saturation of ecotopes roots is directly proportional to their mass, and the surface root system and its length are values associated with root mass. With the depth of the absorbing working surface root systems increases.