Продуктивне довголіття голштинского худоби різного екогенезу в умовах Степу України

Abstract

Наведено результати досліджень показників довічної продуктивності імпортної голштинської худоби різного походження і їх нащадків в умовах промислового комплексу. Встановлено достовірні відмінності за проявом продуктивних якостей, коефіцієнтом спадковості та взаємозв’язком між господарсько-корисними ознаками в корів залежно від попереднього екогенезу, що свідчить про можливість проведення ефективної селекційної роботи зі стадом вітчизняної генерації. Evaluation of dairy cattle productive longevity has great scientific and practical importance. Studies were carried out on Holstein cows using the data of the dairy cattle management system "Orsek". The advantage of the study lies in the fact that the Holstein of different origins were kept in the same environmental conditions. Intrabreed differences in lifelong productivity of imported cows were revealed. The lifetime productivity of European Holstein cows and their offspring under conditions of industrial milk production technology was studied. It is established that the productive longevity of European Holstein cows offspring in the conditions of the industrial complex was reduced by 1,0 lactation (td = 5,6 or P≥0,999), an average was 2,6 lactations. The lifetime milk yield was lower by 20,9 % (td = 2,6 or P≥0,99), and the yield of milk fat and protein by 23,0 (td = 3,3 or P≥ 0,999) and 24,1 % (td = 4,8 or P≥0,999). At the same time, the variation coefficient (Cv = 12,1...79,2 %) of animals signs has sufficient level for carrying out effective breeding work. There are revealed high phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients between the indices of lifetime productivity (r = +0,92...+0,98) that showed the breeding of any signs will have positive effect on others ones. The coefficients of productive qualities heredity (h2 = 0,18 ... 0,23), prove that breeding based on the lifetime productivity signs will have a positive effect on the progress in dairy cattle breeding. The study results are testified the possibility of an effective use of bulls and cows for dairy cattle breeding in Ukraine. However, the reduction of animals productive longevity in the conditions of industrial technology should serve as stimulus for further deep study of the problem.